The use of social media and its effect on public opinion using the example of the Middle East conflict

Abstract

The 21st century is characterized by the widespread use of digital communication, with social media playing a vital role in conflict dynamics. In geopolitical contexts, such as the Middle East, social media platforms have evolved from being secondary tools to become primary instruments in military strategy and digital warfare. This thesis examines the impact of social media on public sentiment, focusing on the latest escalation in the Middle East after October 7th, 2023. The thesis begins by presenting a theoretical framework that examines the significance of social media in modern wars. This is then followed by a detailed investigation of the conflict in the Middle East. A qualitative research approach was utilized, incorporating a literature review, a content analysis and a sentiment analysis. Analyzing the strategic utilization of the social media platform X (formerly known as Twitter) by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), insights into how they have influenced combat narratives and public perception were provided. Evidence indicates that social media functions as both an enhancer of voices and a medium for rapidly disseminating information. The IDF's strategic communication regarding X has an impact on public opinion, illustrating how digital platforms may rapidly change the way conflicts are perceived. The study emphasizes the dichotomous character of social media: Its capacity to both galvanize assistance and intensify conflicts as a result of the swift spread of data. These observations add to the wider discussion on digital warfare and its consequences for contemporary conflict dynamics.

Date of Award	2024
Original language	German (Austria)
Supervisor	Harald Rametsteiner (Supervisor)