The intensification of work

In this chapter, we introduce causes and consequences of work intensification while also highlighting resources to help employees manage the intensification of work. In doing so, we argue that global socio-economic changes such as technological advancement, outsourcing and downsizing are important drivers of work intensification. Moreover, we trace the development of work intensity over the last three decades. Relying on analyses of international datasets and other findings, we discuss that even if the trend toward work intensification is far from universal, work intensification is a critical issue for employees in modern Western societies. This is even more the case as work intensification impairs employee well-being, reduces job satisfaction and is associated with more work-family conflict. Cognitive appraisal processes mediate the negative effects of work intensification on various outcomes. Finally, we introduce resources stemming from different sources such as the person, the organization and the social environment that help workers cope with work intensification.