@inproceedings{fc27baa077bd49a8a756c74ebc596366,
title = "Telling Eyes: Linking Eye-Tracking Indicators to Affective Variables",
abstract = "Research has tried to link affective states to different eye-tracking measures with varying success. Although previous research has proposed that using live eye-tracking data for video games could considerably enhance adaptive gameplay techniques' capabilities, little research has been done. The main goal of the current study was to link eye-tracking indicators to affective states (confusion, frustration). Thirty-nine participants were recruited to play a riddle game in virtual reality similar to the game {"}Portal{"}, with levels differently manipulating affective states in a within-study design. Participants did self-rate confusion and frustration retrospectively watching a recording of their gameplay. It was shown that different levels of frustration and confusion could be evoked. Hypotheses about the relationship between confusion/frustration and eye-tracking data could only be partially supported. Analyses revealed various possible reasons for contradictory results and several implications for future research, including aspects of eye-tracking indicators and the underlying eye-tracking technology.",
keywords = "affect, confusion, eye-tracking, gaming, Virtual reality",
author = "Andreas Winklbauer and Barbara Stiglbauer and Michael Lankes and Maurice Sporn",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Owner/Author.; 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, FDG 2023 ; Conference date: 11-04-2023 Through 14-04-2023",
year = "2023",
month = apr,
day = "12",
doi = "10.1145/3582437.3582458",
language = "English",
series = "ACM International Conference Proceeding Series",
publisher = "Association for Computing Machinery",
editor = "Phil Lopes and Filipe Luz and Antonios Liapis and Henrik Engstrom",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, FDG 2023",
}