Novel Simulator for Cranial Graft Lift Training

Cranial grafts are used for the reconstruction of skeletal defects after trauma, tumor, infection or congenital pseudarthrosis [1] and due to their biocompatibility are more favored [2]. A common method to harvest parietal grafts is the split thickness graft method which is characterized by fast rotating surgical drives. To avoid accidents, appropriate thrust forces and drilling speeds have to be applied. Thus extensive training of novice surgeons is necessary. One training modality are model simulators, which provide a physical phantom with realistic anatomy and haptic feedback. Studies have shown that, in contrast to visual guided training only, simulators with haptic feedback have higher surgical skill-transfer to novel surgeons [3]. The aim of this study was to validate artificial parietal bones for graft lift training. Structural parameters of all bony layers were measured and characteristic forces during surgical machinery procedures were recorded [4]. Further, a simulator prototype was developed and tested by two experienced surgeons.