Laser ignition of methane-air mixtures at high pressures and diagnostics

Herbert Kopecek, Soren Charareh, Maximilian Lackner, Christian Forsich, Franz Winter, Johann Klausner, Günther Herdin, Martin Weinrotter, Ernst Wintner

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

59 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Methane-air mixtures at high fill pressures up to 30 bar and high temperatures up to 200°C were ignited in a high-pressure chamber with automated fill control by a 5 ns pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength. Both, the minimum input laser pulse energy for ignition and the transmitted fraction of energy through the generated plasma were measured as a function of the air/fuel-equivalence ratio (λ). The lean-side ignition limit of methane-air mixtures was found to be λ = 2.2. However only λ <2.1 seems to be practically usable. As a comparison, the limit for conventional spark plug ignition of commercial natural gas engines is λ = 1.8. Only with excessive efforts λ = 2.0 can be spark ignited. The transmitted pulse shape through the laser-generated plasma was determined temporally as well as its dependence on input laser energy and properties of the specific gases interacting. For a first demonstration of the practical applicability of laser ignition, one cylinder of a 1 MW natural gas engine was ignited by a similar 5 ns pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm. The engine worked successfully at λ = 1.8 for a first test period of 100 hr without any interruption due to window fouling and other disturbances. Lowest values for NOx emission were achieved at λ = 2.05 (NOx = 0.22 g/KWh). Three parameters obtained from accompanying spectroscopic measurements, namely, water absorbance, flame emission, and the gas inhomogeneity index have proven to be powerful tools to judge laser-induced ignition of methane-air mixtures. The following effects were determined by the absorption spectroscopic technique: formation of water in the vicinity of the laser spark (semi-quantitative); characterization of ignition (ignition delay, incomplete ignition, failed ignition); homogeneity of the gas phase in the vicinity of the ignition; and the progress of combustion.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)213-219
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
Volume127
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2005
Externally publishedYes

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