Implications of 3D Printing on Physical Distribution in Logistics and Supply Chain Management

3D printing is a technology expected to have a huge impact on Logistics and Supply Chain Management (LSCM) and especially on physical distribution. The aim of the paper is to elaborate on the implications and benefits of 3D printing for (i) physical distribution strategies and processes, (ii) the role of the logistics service provider (LSP), and (iii) the connected processes of warehousing, picking and transport. By means of expert interviews, we analyze these implications and derive a set of impacts and potential future implications of 3D printing in LSCM. Our results show that experts expect huge potential from this type of technology. Experts agree that global transport can significantly be reduced in the future. However, it currently is limited in terms of handling large amounts of batch sizes and volumes as it is not designed for mass production. Furthermore, 3D printing will most likely take place in centralized and decentralized sites managed by companies or LSPs. The placement of 3D printers in private homes is currently not seen as a realistic option on a larger scale. As in current distribution approaches, LSPs will also play an important role in 3D printing-based distribution in the future. Experts expect them to offer corresponding business models (as e.g., print on demand) in the future. In conclusion, the importance of 3D printing as an alternative product method impacting LSCM will continue to rise.