@article{e02114af5695478481a792623208edc0,
title = "Immunomodulatory activities of selected essential oils",
abstract = "Recently, the application of herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases has gained increasing attention. Essential oils (EOs) are generally known to exert various pharmacological effects, such as antiallergic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Current literature involving in vitro and in vivo studies indicates the potential of various herbal essential oils as suitable immunomodulators for the alternative treatment of infectious or immune diseases. This review highlights the cellular effects induced by EOs, as well as the molecular impacts of EOs on cytokines, immunoglobulins, or regulatory pathways. The results reviewed in this article revealed a significant reduction in relevant proinflammatory cytokines, as well as induction of anti-inflammatory markers. Remarkably, very little clinical study data involving the immunomodulatory effects of EOs are available. Furthermore, several studies led to contradictory results, emphasizing the need for a multiapproach system to better characterize EOs. While immunomodulatory effects were reported, the toxic potential of EOs must be clearly considered in order to secure future applications.",
keywords = "Clove, Essential oils, Eucalyptus, Immunomodulatory, Lavender, Tea tree, Humans, Phytotherapy/methods, Immunity, Innate/drug effects, Animals, Plant Oils/pharmacology, Immunologic Factors/pharmacology, Immune System Diseases/drug therapy, Oils, Volatile/pharmacology",
author = "Georg Sandner and Mara Heckmann and Julian Weghuber",
note = "Funding Information: This work was created within a research project of the Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation (FFoQSI). The COMET-K1 Competence Centre FFoQSI is funded by the Austrian ministries BMVIT, BMDW, and the Austrian provinces Niederoesterreich, Upper Austria and Vienna within the scope of COMET-Competence Centers for Excellent Technologies. The program COMET is handled by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency FFG. This work was also funded by the Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft (Josef Ressel Center for Phytogenic Drug Research). Also, special thanks to Bettina Schwarzinger (University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition) for kindly preparing the chemical structures for Figure 2. Funding Information: Acknowledgments: This work was created within a research project of the Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation (FFoQSI). The COMET-K1 Competence Centre FFoQSI is funded by the Austrian ministries BMVIT, BMDW, and the Austrian provinces Niederoesterreich, Upper Austria and Vienna within the scope of COMET-Competence Centers for Excellent Technologies. The program COMET is handled by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency FFG. This work was also funded by the Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft (Josef Ressel Center for Phytogenic Drug Research). Also, special thanks to Bettina Schwarzinger (University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition) for kindly preparing the chemical structures for Figure 2. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2020",
month = aug,
day = "3",
doi = "10.3390/biom10081139",
language = "English",
volume = "10",
pages = "1--16",
journal = "Biomolecules",
issn = "2218-273X",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "8",
}