TY - JOUR
T1 - Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Quantitation of GLUT4 Translocation
AU - Heckmann, Mara
AU - Klanert, Gerald
AU - Sandner, Georg Philipp
AU - Lanzerstorfer, Peter
AU - Auer, Manfred
AU - Weghuber, Julian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
PY - 2022/1/21
Y1 - 2022/1/21
N2 - Postprandial insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into target tissue is crucial for the maintenance of normal blood glucose homeostasis. This step is rate-limited by the number of facilitative glucose transporters type 4 (GLUT4) present in the plasma membrane. Since insulin resistance and impaired GLUT4 translocation are associated with the development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, this transporter has become an important target of antidiabetic drug research. The application of screening approaches that are based on the analysis of GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane to identify substances with insulinomimetic properties has gained global research interest in recent years. Here, we review methods that have been implemented to quantitate the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. These methods can be broadly divided into two sections: microscopy-based technologies (e.g., immunoelectron, confocal or total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy) and biochemical and spectrometric approaches (e.g., membrane fractionation, photoaffinity labeling or flow cytometry). In this review, we discuss the most relevant approaches applied to GLUT4 thus far, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, and we provide a critical discussion and outlook into new methodological opportunities.
AB - Postprandial insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into target tissue is crucial for the maintenance of normal blood glucose homeostasis. This step is rate-limited by the number of facilitative glucose transporters type 4 (GLUT4) present in the plasma membrane. Since insulin resistance and impaired GLUT4 translocation are associated with the development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, this transporter has become an important target of antidiabetic drug research. The application of screening approaches that are based on the analysis of GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane to identify substances with insulinomimetic properties has gained global research interest in recent years. Here, we review methods that have been implemented to quantitate the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. These methods can be broadly divided into two sections: microscopy-based technologies (e.g., immunoelectron, confocal or total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy) and biochemical and spectrometric approaches (e.g., membrane fractionation, photoaffinity labeling or flow cytometry). In this review, we discuss the most relevant approaches applied to GLUT4 thus far, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, and we provide a critical discussion and outlook into new methodological opportunities.
KW - FRET
KW - GLUT4 translocation
KW - TIRF
KW - confocal microscopy
KW - diabetes
KW - fluorescence microscopy
KW - glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123878264&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/2050-6120/ac4998
DO - 10.1088/2050-6120/ac4998
M3 - Review article
SN - 2050-6120
VL - 10
JO - Methods and Applications in Fluorescence
JF - Methods and Applications in Fluorescence
IS - 2
M1 - 022001
ER -