Assembly Training for Electric Motor Wiring with Virtual Reality Compared to Paper Instructions: Experiment and Analysis

Unexpected order peaks, workforce fluctuations or health-related disruptions (e.g. influenza outbreaks) require efficient assembly processes and rapid integration of new employees. To meet quality and time-related targets, effective training measures are essential. Traditional approaches in medium-sized enterprises involve learning through explanations, demonstrations, and mentorship by experienced employees, alongside the use of training videos and written documentation. Furthermore, emerging technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are being explored and adopted for training purposes. This study aims to identify an effective training methodology for the assembly of electric motors, specifically focusing on the precise insertion and securing of nine wires into ten designated clamps. The study compares VR-based training with conventional methods, which include brief in-person trainings from supervisors, supported by printed assembly instructions. 22 test persons were divided into two groups, taking into account their existing experience and the findings from the learning curve when analyzing the cycle times. Results indicate that individuals trained with VR completed the wiring task 10% faster compared to those who received in-person training and written guidance. Moreover, the VR-trained group achieved flawless wiring accuracy, whereas the latter group exhibited two erroneous connections.