Ability–Motiv The Ability–Motivation–Oppor ation–Opportunity F tunity Framework for T amework for Team Innovatio: Efficacy Beliefs, Proactive Personalities, Suppor ersonalities, Supportive Supervision and Team Innovation

Based on ability–motivation–opportunity theoretical framework, the study
explores the interplay among team members’ proactive personalities (abilities), collective
efficacy (motivation), and supportive supervision (opportunity), and their interaction in
predicting team innovation. Multi-level study of 249 employees nested within 64 teams
from one German and three Slovenian hi-tech companies showed that collective efficacy
was positively related to team innovation. However, the effect of collective efficacy on team
innovation was weaker when high levels of supportive supervision and proactivity moderated this relationship. When teams perceived lower levels of collective efficacy, team proactivity, and supportive supervision were more important for achieving higher levels of
team innovation as they were when teams perceived lower levels of motivation. We discuss
theoretical and practical implications