Modal shift measures to increase the use of eco-friendly transport modes: a literature review

The goal of this paper is to identify modal shift measures that encourage the use of eco-friendly transport modes and minimize the negative impact of road freight transport. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review using five well-known databases, which resulted in 143 search results limited to 19 relevant references. In total, eleven modal shift measures which support the use of eco-friendly transport modes were found. Furthermore, a classification framework based on the literature review was created. The results show that service and efficiency improvements of intermodal services and the expansion of the existing intermodal infrastructure are the most discussed measures to enhance modal shift. This paper highlights appropriate ways to enhance a stronger modal shift and addresses the necessary actions to be taken by the transport sector to become carbon neutral.