@inproceedings{956089d04f164930a0bb141667c56b62,
title = "Eye Contact: Gaze as a Connector Between Spectators and Players in Online Games",
abstract = "This paper proposes an experimental setting that investigates shared gaze integrations (constant gaze and eye contact) in games and their effects on the social presence perceived by different roles (players and spectators) in a remote scenario. In order to get insights, we conducted a study that is made up of 4 different conditions (2 roles and 2 gaze integrations). Results show, depending on the type of the gaze integration and the role, positive effects of gaze towards an increased awareness and engagement among participants. Through the inclusion of shared gaze information, a new nonverbal communication channel for players and spectators is created that presents an interesting design resource for future approaches of digital play. Designers should receive information on how to design gaze-based interfaces that do not distract players during play, and also give spectators the possibility to experience a game via the player{\textquoteright}s eyes.",
keywords = "Gaze-based interaction, Shared gaze, Social presence",
author = "Michael Lankes and Daniel Rammer and Bernhard Maurer",
year = "2017",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-319-66715-7_34",
language = "English",
isbn = "9783319667140",
series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)",
pages = "310--321",
editor = "Nagisa Munekata and Junichi Hoshino and Itsuki Kunita",
booktitle = "Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2017 - 16th IFIP TC 14 International Conference, Proceedings",
note = "16th International Conference on Entertainment Computing 2017 ; Conference date: 18-09-2017 Through 21-09-2017",
}